Wikipedista:Duane Hook/Pískoviště
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Female_nobel_laureates.png/220px-Female_nobel_laureates.png)
Nobelova cena je ocenění v pěti kategoriích, které se podle závěti Alfreda Nobela z roku 1895 udělují každý rok „těm, kteří v uplynulém roce přinesli lidstvu největší prospěch”. Kromě toho je také Švédskou národní bankou udělována Nobelova pamětní cena za ekonomii od roku 1968. Uděluje se "osobě nebo osobám v oblasti ekonomických věd, které vytvořily dílo mimořádného významu".
Od roku 2023 bylo uděleno 65 Nobelových cen a Pamětní cena za ekonomické vědy 64 ženám.[1][3] Mezi laureáty Nobelovy ceny je celkem 894 mužů, 64 žen a 27 organizací.[4]
Rozdělení Nobelových cen udělených ženám je následující:
- Nobelovu cenu za mír získalo devatenáct žen (16,3 % ze 110 udělených)[5]
- Nobelovu cenu za literaturu získalo sedmnáct žen (14,28 % ze 119 udělených);[5]
- Nobelovu cenu za fyziologii a lékařství získalo třináct žen (5,6 % z 230 udělených)[5]
- Nobelovu cenu za chemii získalo osm žen(4,1 % z 191 udělených)[5]
- Nobelovu cenu za fyziku získalo pět žen (1,8 % z 224 udělených)[5]
- Nobelovu pamětní cenu za ekonomii získaly tži ženy (Elinor Ostrom, Esther Duflo a Claudia Goldin) (2,17 % z 92 udělených)[5]
Seznam laureátek[editovat | editovat zdroj]
Nobelova cena za fyziologii a lékařství | |||||||
Pořadí | Rok udělení | Laureátka | Jméno | Datum narození | Místo narození | Datum úmrtí | Místo úmrtí |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1947 | ![]() |
Gerty Coriová | 15 August 1896 | Praha, ![]() |
26 October 1957 | Glendale (Missouri), ![]() |
2 | 1977 | ![]() |
Rosalyn Yalowová | 19 July 1921 | New York, ![]() |
30 May 2011 | New York, ![]() |
3 | 1983 | ![]() |
Barbara McClintocková | 16 June 1902 | Hartford, ![]() |
2 September 1992 | Huntington (New York), ![]() |
4 | 1986 | ![]() |
Rita Leviová-Montalciniová | 22 April 1909 | Turín, ![]() |
30 December 2012 | Řím, ![]() |
5 | 1988 | ![]() |
Gertrude Belle Elionová | 23 January 1918 | New York, ![]() |
21 February 1999 | Chapel Hill, ![]() |
6 | 1995 | ![]() |
Christiane Nüssleinová-Volhardová | 20 October 1942 | Magdeburg| style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
7 | 2004 | ![]() |
Linda B. Bucková | 29 January 1947 | Seattle, ![]() |
||
8 | 2008 | ![]() |
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi | 30 July 1947 | Paříž, ![]() |
||
9 | 2009 | Elizabeth Blackburnová | 26 November 1948 | Hobart, ![]() |
|||
10 | Carol W. Greiderová | 15 April 1961 | San Diego, ![]() |
||||
11 | 2014 | ![]() |
May-Britt Moserová | 4 January 1963 | Fosnavåg, ![]() |
||
12 | 2015 | ![]() |
Tchu Jou-jou | 30 December 1930 | Ning-po, ![]() |
||
13 | 2023 | ![]() |
Katalin Karikóová | 17 January 1955 | style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
Physics | |||||||
Pořadí | Rok | Laureátka | Jméno | Datum narození | Místo narození | Datum úmrtí | Místo úmrtí |
1 | 1903 | ![]() |
Marie Skłodowska-Curie | 7 November 1867 Warsaw, Poland ![]() |
4 July 1934 Passy, Haute-Savoie, ![]() |
||
2 | 1963 | ![]() |
Maria Göppert Mayer | 28 June 1906 Katowice, ![]() |
20 February 1972 San Diego, California, ![]() |
||
3 | 2018 | ![]() |
Donna Strickland | 27 May 1959 Guelph, Ontario, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
4 | 2020 | ![]() |
Andrea Mia Ghez | 16 June 1965 New York City, New York ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
5 | 2023 | Anne L’Huillier | 16 August 1958 Paris, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | |||
Chemistry | |||||||
Pořadí | Rok | Laureátka | Jméno | Datum narození | Místo narození | Datum úmrtí | Místo úmrtí |
1 | 1911 | ![]() |
Marie Skłodowska-Curie | 7 November 1867 Warsaw, ![]() |
4 July 1934 Passy, Haute-Savoie, ![]() |
||
2 | 1935 | ![]() |
Irène Joliot-Curie | 12 September 1897 Paris, ![]() |
17 March 1957 Paris, ![]() |
||
3 | 1964 | Soubor:Dorothy Hodgkin Nobel.jpg | Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin | 12 May 1910 Cairo, ![]() |
29 July 1994 Ilmington, Warwickshire, ![]() |
||
4 | 2009 | ![]() |
Ada Yonath | 22 June 1939 Jerusalem, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
5 | 2018 | ![]() |
Frances Arnold | 25 July 1956 Edgewood, Pennsylvania, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
6 | 2020 | ![]() |
Emmanuelle Charpentier | 11 December 1968 Juvisy-sur-Orge, Essonne, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
7 | ![]() |
Jennifer Doudna | 19 February 1964 Washington, D.C. ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | |||
8 | 2022 | ![]() |
Carolyn Bertozzi | 10 October 1966 Boston, Massachusetts, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
Literature | |||||||
Pořadí | Rok | Laureátka | Jméno | Datum narození | Místo narození | Datum úmrtí | Místo úmrtí |
1 | 1909 | ![]() |
Selma Lagerlöf | 20 November 1858 Sunne, Värmland, ![]() |
16 March 1940 Sunne, Värmland, ![]() |
||
2 | 1926 | ![]() |
Grazia Deledda | 27 September 1871 Nuoro, Sardinia, ![]() |
15 August 1936 Rome, Italy |
||
3 | 1928 | ![]() |
Sigrid Undset | 20 May 1882 Kalundborg, ![]() |
10 June 1949 Lillehammer, ![]() |
||
4 | 1938 | ![]() |
Pearl Buck | 26 June 1892 Hillsboro, West Virginia, ![]() |
6 March 1973 Danby, Vermont, ![]() |
||
5 | 1945 | ![]() |
Gabriela Mistral | 7 April 1889 Vicuña, ![]() |
10 January 1957 Hempstead, New York, ![]() |
||
6 | 1966 | ![]() |
Nelly Sachs | 10 December 1891 Berlin, German Empire |
12 May 1970 Stockholm, ![]() |
||
7 | 1991 | Nadine Gordimer | 20 November 1923 Springs, Gauteng, ![]() |
13 July 2014 Johannesburg, Gauteng, ![]() |
|||
8 | 1993 | ![]() |
Toni Morrison | 18 February 1931 Lorain, Ohio, ![]() |
5 August 2019 New York City, New York, ![]() |
||
9 | 1996 | ![]() |
Wisława Szymborska | 2 July 1923 Kórnik, ![]() |
1 February 2012 Kraków, ![]() |
||
10 | 2004 | ![]() |
Elfriede Jelinek | 20 October 1946 Mürzzuschlag, Styria, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
11 | 2007 | Doris Lessing | 22 October 1919 Kermanshah, ![]() |
17 November 2013 London, ![]() |
|||
12 | 2009 | ![]() |
Herta Müller | 17 August 1953 Nițchidorf, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
13 | 2013 | ![]() |
Alice Munro | 10 July 1931 Wingham, Ontario, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
14 | 2015 | Svetlana Alexievich | 31 May 1948 Ivano-Frankivsk, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | |||
15 | 2018 | ![]() |
Olga Tokarczuk | 29 January 1962 Sulechów, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
16 | 2020 | ![]() |
Louise Glück | 22 April 1943 New York City, New York, ![]() |
13 October 2023 Cambridge, Massachusetts, ![]() |
||
17 | 2022 | ![]() |
Annie Ernaux | 1 September 1940 Lillebonne, Seine-Maritime, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
Peace | |||||||
Pořadí | Rok | Laureátka | Jméno | Datum narození | Místo narození | Datum úmrtí | Místo úmrtí |
1 | 1905 | ![]() |
Bertha von Suttner | 9 June 1843 Prague, ![]() |
21 June 1914 Vienna, ![]() |
||
2 | 1931 | ![]() |
Jane Addams | 6 September 1860 Cedarville, Illinois, ![]() |
21 May 1935 Chicago, Illinois, ![]() |
||
3 | 1946 | ![]() |
Emily Greene Balch | 8 January 1867 Boston, Massachusetts, ![]() |
9 January 1961 Cambridge, Massachusetts, ![]() |
||
4 | 1976 | ![]() |
Betty Williams | 22 May 1943 Belfast, Northern Ireland, ![]() |
17 March 2020 Belfast, Northern Ireland, ![]() |
||
5 | ![]() |
Mairead Maguire | 27 January 1944 Belfast, Northern Ireland, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | |||
6 | 1979 | ![]() |
Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu (rel. name: Mother Teresa) |
26 August 1910 Skopje, ![]() |
5 September 1997 Kolkata, West Bengal, ![]() |
||
7 | 1982 | ![]() |
Alva Myrdal | 31 January 1902 Uppsala, ![]() |
1 February 1986 Danderyd, ![]() |
||
8 | 1991 | ![]() |
Aung San Suu Kyi | 19 June 1945 Yangon, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
9 | 1992 | ![]() |
Rigoberta Menchú | 9 January 1959 Laj Chimel, Quiché, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
10 | 1997 | ![]() |
Jody Williams | 9 October 1950 Rutland, Vermont, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
11 | 2003 | ![]() |
Shirin Ebadi | 21 June 1947 Hamadan, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
12 | 2004 | ![]() |
Wangarĩ Maathai | 1 April 1940 Tetu, Nyeri, ![]() |
25 September 2011 Nairobi, ![]() |
||
13 | 2011 | ![]() |
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf | 29 October 1938 Monrovia, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
14 | ![]() |
Leymah Gbowee | 1 February 1972 Monrovia, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | |||
15 | ![]() |
Tawakkol Karman | 7 February 1979 Shara'b As Salam, Taiz, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | |||
16 | 2014 | ![]() |
Malala Yousafzai | 12 July 1997 Mingora, Swat, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
17 | 2018 | ![]() |
Nadia Murad | 10 March 1993 Kocho, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
18 | 2021 | ![]() |
Maria Ressa | 2 October 1963 Manila, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
19 | 2023 | ![]() |
Narges Mohammadi | 21 April 1972 Zanjan, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
Economic Sciences | |||||||
Pořadí | Rok | Laureátka | Jméno | Datum narození | Místo narození | Datum úmrtí | Místo úmrtí |
1 | 2009 | ![]() |
Elinor Ostrom | 7 August 1933 Los Angeles, California, ![]() |
12 June 2012 Bloomington, Indiana, ![]() |
||
2 | 2019 | ![]() |
Esther Duflo | 25 October 1972 Paris, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
3 | 2023 | ![]() |
Claudia Goldin | 14 May 1946 New York City, New York, ![]() |
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — |
Odkazy[editovat | editovat zdroj]
Reference
- ↑ VERECKEY, Betsy. The 60 women who have won the Nobel Prize. The Telegraph [online]. [cit. 2024-03-07]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ 100 Years Ago: Marie Curie Wins 2nd Nobel Prize. Scientific American [online]. 25. listopadu 1911 [cit. 2024-03-07]. Čís. 105. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ Marie Skłodowska-Curie získala Nobelovu cenu dvakrát, za fyziku a za chemii.[2]
- ↑ Crash course – 2023 Nobel Prizes [online]. [cit. 2024-03-07]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ a b c d e f Crash course – 2023 Nobel Prizes [online]. Dostupné online.
Externí odkazy
- Nobel Prize awarded women [online]. Nobel Foundation [cit. 2022-10-06]. Dostupné online.